{"id":718,"date":"2017-05-11T10:37:23","date_gmt":"2017-05-11T16:37:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/astrobotany.com\/?page_id=718"},"modified":"2023-09-08T09:11:06","modified_gmt":"2023-09-08T14:11:06","slug":"molecular-biology-research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/astrobotany.com\/molecular-biology-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Molecular Biology Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"718\" class=\"elementor elementor-718\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-44e010a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"44e010a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d16572c\" data-id=\"d16572c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f0fb3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f0fb3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Molecular Biology Research<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a504ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a504ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">To truly understand how spaceflight affects plant biology, researchers must look closer. We must turn to molecular biology and genetics.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e129901 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"e129901\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8f387c7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8f387c7\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5dec1a5d\" data-id=\"5dec1a5d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa15daf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aa15daf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Introduction<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6589c542 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6589c542\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><p>Your DNA is the main blueprint for your body’s biology- this is also true for plants.\u00a0 DNA is the “genetic code” that determines much of how a plant develops, functions, etc., but this isn’t necessarily set in stone.\u00a0 \u00a0Genes can be expressed differently in different environments, through gene regulation, epigenetics, etc. Astrobotany researchers can look at how genes are expressed differently in spaceflight using molecular biology techniques. By understanding what is happening at the molecular level, we can gain a more thorough understanding of how spaceflight affects plant biology.<\/p><p>Here are some plant biology gene families that are regulated by spaceflight:<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60fa135 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"60fa135\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Peroxidases<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45799d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45799d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><p>Peroxidases are a large family of enzymes that catalyze oxidative reactions.\u00a0 They have a chemical relationship with reactive oxygen species (ROS).\u00a0 Two examples of ROS are hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions.\u00a0 These are known to be implicated in cellular harm and are the cause of oxidative stress\u00a0but interestingly, they also have a role in regulating cell elongation, division, and aging.\u00a0 Peroxidases can use peroxides as a substrate and subsequently can \u201cscavenge\u201d ROS, but they can also produce ROS in environments where autoxidation is hindered<span style=\"font-size: small;\">.<\/span>\u00a0 Focusing on plant biology, some studies conclude that peroxidases play a role in plant defense against environmental stress (cold and salt), and a spaceflight experiment concluded that peroxidases\u2019 production of ROS leads to stunted growth in root hairs<span style=\"font-size: small;\">.<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/25587145\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Transcriptional response of Arabidopsis seedlings during spaceflight reveals peroxidase and cell wall remodeling genes associated with root hair development.<\/em><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d18087 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d18087\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">RBOH Family<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a83f03b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a83f03b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><p>The RBOH family of proteins is involved in reactive oxygen species that are signaling molecules.\u00a0 RBOHs are a group of genes that are differentially expressed during spaceflight.\u00a0 This is based on data retrieved from BRIC 19 SpaceX CRS-4.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5536cb0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5536cb0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Strigolactones<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-085800f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"085800f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\"><p>Strigolactone is a plant hormone that stimulates branching and helpful fungi growth in root systems.\u00a0 In October 2018, a research paper from microgravity asserted that this chemical may help stop some of the negative effects of spaceflight microgravity and low-nutrient environments.\u00a0 <span style=\"color: #61ce70;\"><a style=\"color: #61ce70;\" href=\"http:\/\/astrobotany.com\/2018\/10\/21\/plant-hormone-group-strigolactone-investigated-as-a-key-to-helping-plants-in-space\/\"><strong>Read more.<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-412f924 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"412f924\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Molecular Biology Research To truly understand how spaceflight affects plant biology, researchers must look closer. We must turn to molecular biology and genetics. Introduction Your DNA is the main blueprint for your body’s biology- this is also true for plants. DNA is the “genetic code” that determines much of how a plant develops, functions, etc., […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4486,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-718","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/astrobotany.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/718","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/astrobotany.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/astrobotany.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrobotany.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrobotany.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=718"}],"version-history":[{"count":33,"href":"https:\/\/astrobotany.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/718\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10705,"href":"https:\/\/astrobotany.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/718\/revisions\/10705"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/astrobotany.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4486"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/astrobotany.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=718"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}